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| based_on = | melody = "Ein feste Burg" | published = (extant) | misc = }} "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God" (German: "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott") is one of the best known hymns by the reformer Martin Luther, who wrote many hymns. Luther wrote the words and composed the melody sometime between 1527 and 1529.〔Julian, John, ed., A Dictionary of Hymnology: Setting forth the Origin and History of Christian Hymns of all Ages and Nations, Second revised edition, 2 vols., n.p., 1907, reprint, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1957, 1:322–25〕 It has been translated into English at least seventy times and also into many other languages.〔〔W. G. Polack, The Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal, Third and Revised Edition (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1958), 193, No. 262.〕 The words are a paraphrase of .〔Marilyn Kay Stulken, Hymnal Companion to the Lutheran Book of Worship (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1981), 307–08, nos. 228–229.〕 == History == "A Mighty Fortress" is one of the best loved hymns of the Lutheran tradition and among Protestants more generally. It has been called the "Battle Hymn of the Reformation" for the effect it had in increasing the support for the Reformers' cause. John Julian records four theories of its origin:〔 * Heinrich Heine: it was sung by Luther and his companions as they entered Worms on 16 April 1521 for the Diet; * K.F.T. Schneider: it was a tribute to Luther's friend Leonhard Kaiser, who was executed on 16 August 1527; * Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné: it was sung by the German Lutheran princes as they entered Augsburg for the Diet in 1530 at which the Augsburg Confession was presented; and * the view that it was composed in connection with the 1529 Diet of Speyer at which the German Lutheran princes lodged their protest to Holy Roman Emperor Emperor Charles V, who wanted to enforce his 1521 Edict of Worms. Alternatively, John M. Merriman writes that the hymn "began as a martial song to inspire soldiers against the Ottoman forces" during the Ottoman wars in Europe. The earliest extant hymnal in which it appears is that of Andrew Rauscher (1531), but it is supposed to have been in Joseph Klug's Wittenberg hymnal of 1529, of which no copy exists. Its title was ''Der xxxxvi. Psalm. Deus noster refugium et virtus''.〔 Before that it is supposed to have appeared in the Hans Weiss Wittenberg hymnal of 1528, also lost.〔Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut Lehmann, eds., ''Luther's Works'', 55 vols. (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House; Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1957–1986), 53:283.〕 This evidence would support its being written in 1527–1529, since Luther's hymns were printed shortly after they were written. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「A Mighty Fortress Is Our God」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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